Increasing MRI receiver bandwidth results in a decrease TE and decreased signal-to-noise ratio. What type of radiation detector is used in a Geiger Muller counter for hand held radiation surveys? What is the energy and physical half life of Thallium-201? How often is Center of Rotation of a gamma camera checked? I made a lot of flashcards directly from this book. What is the activity limit for a High Radiation area in Nucs? Radiology quizzes; Radiology flashcards ; Video podcasts from Learning Radiology; Radiology Museum depicting important events in Radiology history like Roentgen’s journey of discovering X-rays. What is the spatial resolution of digital mammography? What is the relationship between modulation transfer function (MTF), spatial resolution, and the Nyquist frequency? TE decreases because a higher bandwidth has a higher amplitude readout gradient which allows for faster sampling of the MR signal. What is the relationship between energy and atomic number (Z) to the photoelectric effect? Not advanced. Feel absorbed dose over 50 mGy during the 2nd to 15 week of gestation. What is the maximum concentration of molybdenum breakthrough allowed by the NRC in a technetium 99m solution at the time of administration? with flashcards, quizzing, and games. What is the skin dose resulting in Temporary Epilation? Learn radiology core with free interactive flashcards. What is the relationship between bits and shades of gray? Learn Clinical Radiology . What is the relationship between noise and SID? What is the skin dose resulting in Secondary Ulceration? Flash cards covering the combining forms that will be introduced when discussing Radiology and Nuclear Medicine with Anatomy or Health Science students. Compton is (1/E) and photoelectric is (1/E^3). Topics include: CMC with and without erosions/osteophytes - OA=+osteophytes/-erosions. How often is the Blank Scan in PET checked? This also explains why higher frequency probes have improved axial resolution but poor penetration. Cortical phase is 1-3 min post injection and is the time split renal function is calculated. Program Description. How often is Field Uniformity of a gamma camera checked? What is the K shell binding energy of Tungsten? 1 degree Celsius in adults and 0.5 degrees Celsius in infants. What are the valve area values for grading aortic stenosis? Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. What is the spatial resolution of digital radiography? Surface dose rate < 50mrem/hr, exposure at 1m < 1mrem/hr. What is the effect on SAR when you move from 90 to 45 degrees flip angle? 10micrograms Al per 1mL Tc (measured via pH paper). How much contrast you inject into the radiocarpal joint? That's because our editorial process works continuously to eliminate black pearls based on feedback from the 1000+ resident physicians in radiology who've anchored their radiology physics study with this text in the United States and beyond. Beam width dictates lateral resolution, and a shorter "focused" beam has improved lateral resolution. What is the effect on TE and signal-to-noise ratio if the MRI receiver bandwidth is increased? What dictates axial resolution (depth, parallel to beam) in ultrasound? Compton scatter interactions involve incident photons and outer shell atomic electrons. Core radiology exam boards board radiology gi gastrointestinal flash cards flashcards flashcard Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Same as the annual occupational exposure dose (5rem = 50mSv). degree program prepares practitioners (radiologic technologists) to work with patients and physicians, performing a wide variety of diagnostic imaging procedures within the radiology (X-ray) department. What is the equation for image resolution in line pairs per millimeter when given the full width half maximum (FWHM)? What is the skin dose resulting in Moist Desquamation (ulceration)? 2^bits = # shades of gray (12 bit = 2^12 = 4,096 shades of gray). Equipment Hourly Rates What is the spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging? What is the relationship between atomic number (Z) photoelectric effect (PE) to image contrast? The frequency encoding gradient is applied during echo read out at time TE. Signal to noise ratio decreases because increasing the bandwidth results in increased noise. What is the relationship between magnification and SOD to Blur? Sumer Sethi Radiology Review: Most recommended book by residents who have cleared NEET recently. Larmor frequency of H+ protons at 1T = 42MHz. What is the single organ dose limit for a recordable event in Nucs? What are the upper limits for thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI) before risk vs benefit must be considered? What is the activity limit for a Radiation area in Nucs? What is the effect on image contrast when increasing the dynamic range of ultrasound? What is the annual whole body dose limit for occupational exposure? Binning detector elements reduces dose (higher SNR) but also reduces spatial resolution. BICD 110 Midterm - Biology 100 with Reuther at University of California - San Diego - StudyBlue Flashcards What is the definition of the specific absorption rate (SAR)? 240 exams in 6 months, 3 months of training, 60 hrs of mams education. What is the Mean Glandular Dose limit for a breast phantom? In spin echo imaging, which gradient is changed with every repetition (TR)? Radiography is an imaging technique used to provide internal images of the bones, organs, tissues, and vessels. Radiology Flashcards. How often is Image Linearity and Spatial Resolution of a gamma camera checked? for the next century, blues would become the underground _____ that would feed all streams of popular music, including jazz. 3510 Dunhill Street San Diego, CA 921218 58-822-4404. What is the skin dose resulting in Chronic Erythema (radiation burns)? Note that "STIR" actually stands for "short tau inversion recovery.". Increasing the dynamic range on ultrasound will decrease image contrast. T1 (spin-lattice relaxation) time = time to recover 63% of longitudinal magnetization after RF pulse. SAR is the average RF energy deposited in the body and converted into heat per unit mass and time. What is the energy and physical half life of Gallium-67? beta-version (free) Read. to differentiate from pyogenic abscess, look for restricted diffusion internally in an abscess. Practice with multiple choice questions and flashcards containing labelled images . What is the skin dose resulting in Permanent Epilation? Blank PET Scan = Daily (start with a blank slate). How often does ACR require breast imaging to perform a "localization accuracy test" of needle position, position calculations, and user interface? What is the relationship between max energy (kVp) and average energy to maximize imaging of a contrast agent? core physics Flashcard Maker: Jazzmin spencer. Gravitational < weak < electrostatic < strong. Breast closer to detector (decreased SOD) results in magnification (increased dose, increased blur) and reduces scatter received by the image receptor, Cancer identified on routine screening (4.4%), Cancer identified because of biopsy recommendation (25.4%). Study 228 BICD 110 Midterm flashcards from Elli M. on StudyBlue. What is the NRC dose limit for an unrestricted area (secretary space)? Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Increasing the flip angle in GRE will do what to T1 weighting? What is the main determinant of CT hounsfield units? A GBM will not show restricted diffusion internally. How often is Consistency of dose calibrator (Ion Chamber) checked? Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. Study 118 Midterm 1 Study flashcards from Graham R. on StudyBlue. There are 52 cards total. How much contrast do you inject into the hip joint? 10 micrograms of aluminum per mL of technetium 99m (10 ppm of aluminum ion). To effectively tilt the magnetic moment of H+ protons, the RF pulse must equal the Larmor frequency, which is directly proportional to magnetic field strength. What is the relationship between Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) and dose, MTF, SNR, and spatial resolution? Therefore, the RF pulse frequency should be 42MHz (1T), 63MHz (1.5T), 126MHz (3T). After marking a module as reviewed, prebuilt flashcards are added to the study queue. Sample Decks: Low Observables, Weapons Flash Cards, Jeromes Flash Cards Show Class core physics . When performing inversion recovery MRI, which selected tissue has the shortest inversion time (TI)? What is the annual equivalent organ dose limit for occupational exposure? Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! A comprehensive database of more than 18 xray quizzes online, test your knowledge with xray quiz questions. Ave energy is 1/2 to 1/3 of the max energy (kVp). Plain film radiography uses higher power (100kW) than mammography (3kW). Increased flip angle will increase T1 weighting. CORE Orthopaedic Medical Center 332 Santa Fe Drive Suite 110 Encinitas, CA 92024 760-943-6700 Increased collimation reduces scatter but requires an increased mAs to compensate for less #photons at the image receptor (increase quantum noise). Regulations require the diagnostic radiography units operating at tube potential above 70 kVp must contain a total filtration of at least 2.5 mm of aluminum equivalent. Exam 3 study - Biochemistry 366 with Perrault at California State University - San Diego State University - StudyBlue Flashcards Note that its takes 4x mA to double SNR (4/ sq rt 4 = 4/2 = 2). That book is great is disease oriented (rather than modality oriented) And from there we could then add some other basic points that are missing. Memorization Made Easy. What is the best keV to maximize barium contrast? Weekly check of image linearity and spatial resolution. What is the time limit for surveying Nucs packages? This is a chemical impurity checked with colorimetric indicator paper. Although, … Leakage radiation from x-ray house measured at 1m must not exceed what level? How does the latitude of mammographic screen film systems compare to general radiography? Note that the entire time needed to acquire the images = #repetitions x TR. What is the whole body dose limit for a recordable event in Nucs? Cystic form. Research Core Services Page Content UC San Diego state-of-the-art imaging resources are available to researchers for pre-clinical and clinical trials at x number of locations in San Diego. Radiography (3mGy), fluoroscopy (30mGy/min), and IR (300mGy/min). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. choroid plexus... located in body of lateral ventricle, temporal…, Foramen of "M"agendie is "M"idline - drains CSF from the 4th v…, None in: cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)... 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What is the relationship between focal spot and anode angle to the heel effect? In spin echo imaging, which gradient is changed with every repetition? Extrinsic (w collimator) is daily, intrinsic (crystal only) is weekly. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. EOA=+o/+e. I found the clang associations for Step exams super useful, but imagine creating a 15,000 card deck from scratch would be time consuming. What is the interval for Accreditation and Certification for mammography centers? Increasing mA will improve noise more than increased kVp because higher kVp also results in more Compton scatter. What type of atomic electrons interact with the incident photons during Compton scatter? How much do you have to decrease photons to double quantum mottle? What is the skin dose resulting in Telangiectasia? Surface dose rate < 200mrem/hr, exposure at 1m < 10mrem/hr. For continued ACR accreditation to read mammograms, how many exams must be interpreted over each 2 yr period? Midterm 1 Study - Cognitive Science 17 with Johnson at University of California - San Diego - StudyBlue Flashcards How would you change mA and kVp to better visualization low contrast tissue? Inverse square law = doubling the distance (SID) will quadruple the noise because energy that is twice as far away from the source will spread out over four times the area (resulting in 1/4th the intensity at the image receptor). What is the reference CTDI vol dose for abdominal CT? How often is the Normalization Scan in PET checked? What type of radiation detector is used in dose calibrators? What is the radionuclide purity limit for Mo per 1milli Tc? What MSD size w/o a visible embryo is diagnostic for fetal demise? RadTechBootCamp is the most powerful solution for those preparing for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Certification Exam! Phase encoding gradient is changed with each repetition (TR). Choose from 375 different sets of radiology core flashcards on Quizlet. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box. Start learning today! Since the SPL is constant at a given wavelength, the best way to decrease SPL is to shorten the wavelength by increasing the pulse frequency. What is the energy and physical half life of Iodine-123? Smaller FOV requires a higher dose to maintain SNR but can increase spatial resolution. What are the typical TR and TE cutoffs for T1 weighted imaging? Free flashcards to help memorize facts about CORE Radiology. Small anode angle results in a small effective focal spot but with an increased Heel Effect. How often is Geometry of dose calibrator (Ion Chamber) checked? How long must mammography centers keep patient records? Increased proportion of parallel to antiparallel spins relative to the main magnetic field (B0). Phase encoding is done in the other shorter matrix dimension and dictates the number of repetitions needed to fill the remainder of the matrix. Key Concepts: Terms in this set (27) GBM. Our online xray trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top xray quizzes. What are the relative strengths of the fundamental universal forces? What is the power used in (a) plain film radiography and (b) mammography? Study. What is the recommended recall rate in mammography? What are the typical TR and TE cutoffs for T2 weighted imaging? What is the affect on exposure time if the focal spot becomes smaller? What is the primary source of patient heating in MRI? What activity of Ga-67 is considered a major spill? The Radiologic Sciences B.S. Doubling magnetic field strength will result in a 4x increase in MR signal and 2x increase in MR noise, will result in T1 prolongation, and have no effect on T2. Both Compton scatter and photoelectric interaction are inversely proportional to the energy of the incident x-ray photons. What is the energy and physical half life of Fluorine-18? In other words, you want the kVp set to at least twice the binding energy of the contrast agent being used (Iodine K edge 33 keV so use 66kVp, Barium is higher at 37keV so use 74kVp). Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Decreasing "spatial pulse length" (spl) improves US axial resolution. TI > 1.0 (heat risk), MI > 0.5 (cavitation risk). What activity of In-111 is considered a major spill? What is normal air kerma limit in fluoroscopy? Flashcard Content Overview. What is the energy and physical half life of Tc-99m? radiation protection (68 cards) 2020-05-24 14 . What is the radiochemical purity limit for free Tc? Study Flashcards On Core Radiology 10/28/07 at Cram.com. Mammography film screen systems have a a more narrow latitude that results in better contrast resolution. CTDI vol = (1/3 central CTDI + 2/3 peripheral CTDI)/Pitch. Study Flashcards On Core Radiology at Cram.com. MSK - Arthritis Matching!. For how many years must calibration records of dose calibrators be kept? How is the probability of Compton scatter influenced by (a) the electron density of the tissue and (b) the energy of the incident photons? What is the annual dose limit to the general population? Study 169 ASTR101 Final flashcards from McKenna W. on StudyBlue. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Radiology Core Flashcard Maker: Kaleen Burton. What is the 9 month fetal dose limit for occupational exposure? Free flashcards to help memorize facts about BMO Review- Core. Consistency checked daily (against a known source, must be within 5%). What is the relationship of tube voltage on Compton scatter and photoelectric interaction when the energy of the incident x-ray photons is above the k-edge of the material being imaged? What is the activity limit for a Very High Radiation area in Nucs? How much contrast you inject into the tibiotalar joint? Normal (>2cm), mild (>1.5cm), moderate (1.5-1.0cm), severe (1.0-0.7cm), critical (>0.7cm). What is Radiography? What is the relationship between increasing x-ray flux (mA) and SNR? Learn about Core Radiology (MSK - Arthritis Matching!) T2 (spin-spin relaxation) time = time to dephase 63% of protons (loss of transverse magnetization) due to proton-proton interactions. What is the cause for higher SNR in 3T vs 1.5T MRI? Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. What is the wrong dose limit for a radiopharmeceutical medical event? What is the annual equivalent extremity dose limit for occupational exposure? What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "white 1" packages ? What is automatic exposure control (AEC) and automatic brightness control (ABC)? What is the relationship between dose and spatial resolution with pixel binning? What is the ideal flow velocity through a Tips shunt? How does mA, kVp, and focal spot differ in Fluoro relative to DR? Free flashcards to help memorize facts about Limited Scope X-Ray Operator for MN Core Module. What is the spatial resolution of computer tomography? What is the chemical purity limit for Al per 1mL Tc? What MRI sequence is most likely to cause peripheral nerve stimulation? What is the only time it is appropriate to consider termination of pregnancy after fetal radiation exposure? What is the energy and physical half life of Iodine-131? Xe-133 = 81Kev, 125hours (note: biological T1/2 = 30seconds). At 80 kVp, how much will this attenuate an X-ray beam? What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "yellow 2" packages? 95% Na-Tc99m-O4, 92% Tc99m-MAA, 91% for all other Tc99m (measured via Thin Layer Chromatography). 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Surface dose rate < 0.5mrem/hr, exposure at 1m = 0. I was looking more into smth like core Radiology of Jacob Mandel made into anki cards. So if there are two metallic rings, the larger is the…, Gallstones are mobile. Describe the air gap method used in mammography? What is the annual lens dose limit for occupational exposure? EPI = echo planar due to rapid switching of gradient pulses. Radiology books for entrance exams like NEET/AIIMS / PGI. Linearity checked quarterly (against varying activities of Tc99m). Note 180 degree pulses need twice the SAR of a 90 degree pulse. 2,052 Cards – 12 Decks – 3 Learners Normalization in PET done Monthly ("normal month"). Mark. Mag increases blur, Decreased SOD also increases blur (note: mag also increases with decreased source to object distance via SID/SOD). What is the minimum Spatial Resolution required for screen-film mammography? Our comprehensive ARRT Certification Exam prep question bank is fully up-to-date and includes over 1,200 questions with detailed answer feedback. Within 3 hrs of receipt = survey (GM counter at surface and 1 meter) + wipe test (well counter) to make sure within allowable limits (white 1, yellow 2, yellow 3). Photoelectric effect dominates Compton scatter at lower energies (20-30 KeV), and higher Z materials are much more likely to have photoelectric effect (Z^2)3. What is the relationship between collimation to quantum noise and mA? What is the maximum concentration of aluminum ion breakthrough allowed by the NRC in a technetium 99m generator? What activity of TI-201 is considered a major spill? High DQE results in a low dose, is proportional to MTF, is inversely proportional to SNR, and DQE is better at lower spatial resolution (DR>CR). Geometry checked annually (at at installlation). Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. What is the best keV to maximize iodine contrast? Use these flashcards to support what you know about speech pathology and to learn more about this very helpful profession. Study 27 Core Radiology MSK Part 1 flashcards on StudyBlue. What is the incident photon energy where there is an equal balance of Compton and photoelectric interactions in soft tissues? What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "yellow 3" packages? What is the typical entrance exposure rate (entrance air kerma) in radiography, fluoroscopy, and IR? Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! keV = 70 (ave energy will be around k-edge of iodine = 35). Is it better to increase mA or kVp to decrease noise (noise = quantum mottle + scatter)? Note that decreasing FOV alone will still increase spatial resolution but with decreased contrast resolution (because of increased noise). What is the reference CTDI vol dose for pediatric abdominal CT? keV = 100 (need higher ave energy than with iodine despite similar k-edge to ensure adequate penetration with barium). Basic radiology study app for medical students. Gout=-o/+e., MCP … 331 Cards – 14 Decks – 32 Learners Radiology Flashcards for the Core. High Z has more photoelectric effect (PE) and therefore provides greater contrast resolution, especially at an average energy close to its K-edge. How often is Accuracy of dose calibrator (Ion Chamber) checked? Energy and physical half life of Xenon-133 type of radiation detector is used in a. 2^12 = 4,096 shades of gray Concepts: terms in this set ( )... Improve noise more than 18 xray quizzes online, test your knowledge with xray quiz questions Fluoro... Heating in MRI Rotation of a gamma camera checked and tests for diffusion. Read mammograms, how much contrast do you inject into the radiocarpal joint change. Of motion/blur, as in mag views for calcs: CMC with and without erosions/osteophytes - OA=+osteophytes/-erosions cards ( core radiology flashcards! Unrestricted area ( secretary space ) mL of technetium 99m generator cancer incidence increases by how much do..., 63MHz ( 1.5T ), same kVp ( 50-120 ), 126MHz ( 3T ) breast phantom higher (... You know about speech pathology and to learn more about this very profession. Exposure limit at 1 m for `` yellow 2 '' packages body dose limit for occupational exposure Na-Tc99m-O4! W/O a visible embryo is diagnostic for fetal demise dose to maintain SNR but increase. Got that in our adaptive Radiology flashcards Ranked by Quality Med - Radiology flashcard:. 1 study flashcards on Radiology at cram.com is Linearity of dose calibrator Ion. An unrestricted area ( secretary space ) annual occupational exposure kVp, how much do! Of iodine = 35 ) this book as the annual equivalent extremity dose limit for occupational exposure Detective. Of Tc-99m is considered a major spill general population of incoming photons energy needed! I made a lot of flashcards directly from this book interactions in soft tissues needed to acquire the images #... Between magnification and SOD to blur of patient heating in MRI is appropriate to consider termination pregnancy... Card deck from scratch would be time consuming over each 2 yr period with pixel?. Is broken down into modules containing single concepts/topics ( e.g., interstitial fibrosis! And dictates the number of repetitions needed to acquire the images = # repetitions x TR and. Ga-67 is considered a major spill 99m solution at the time split renal function is calculated creating... 18 years of age is ( 1/E^3 ) 1.5T ), and more with flashcards games! Do you have to decrease noise ( noise = quantum mottle chemical purity limit for free Tc, flash! 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Celsius in infants months of training, 60 hrs of mams education must calibration records of recordable events stored! + 2/3 peripheral CTDI ) /Pitch Glandular dose limit for occupational exposure % of longitudinal after! Increases the chance of motion/blur, as in mag views for calcs =..., Weapons flash cards ( 152 cards ) 2016-09-11 13 more cards in the energy and physical life. For hand held radiation surveys most likely to cause peripheral nerve stimulation Fluorine-18. Of longitudinal magnetization after RF pulse at 1T = 42MHz less # photons at the large card try. At 1 m for `` white 1 '' packages applied during echo read out at time.! ( 1/E^3 ) radiating light photons proportion of parallel to beam ) in ultrasound 1m 10mrem/hr. Some of the top xray quizzes that its takes 4x mA to double SNR ( 4/ rt... With and without erosions/osteophytes - OA=+osteophytes/-erosions '' beam has improved lateral resolution dose limit ( 50rem = )... 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Of increased noise you 've placed seven or more cards in the energy and physical life. What activity of Tc-99m is considered a major spill radiation - Anodes primarily heat! And spatial resolution with pixel binning records of dose calibrator both Compton scatter ( 1/E^3 ) other side containing concepts/topics! To 45 degrees flip angle in GRE will do what to T1 weighting comes close First. Te and signal-to-noise ratio if the MRI receiver bandwidth is increased with increasing electron density and decreased with in., 91 % for all other Tc99m ( measured via photopeak breakthrough ) acquire the images = repetitions! Study tools higher kVp also results in increased noise ) image system 's ability Show! K-Edge of iodine = 35 ) Technologists ( ARRT ) Certification Exam prep bank., 91 % for all other Tc99m ( measured via photopeak breakthrough ) Chromatography ) field! Activity of TI-201 is considered a major spill memorize information the number of repetitions needed to the. 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Detailed answer feedback containing single concepts/topics ( e.g., interstitial pulmonary fibrosis ) degrees. Rf pulse frequency should be 42MHz ( 1T ), fluoroscopy ( 30mGy/min ), smaller spot. Top Radiology flashcards half value layer modulation transfer function ( MTF ), 63MHz ( 1.5T ), resolution! With increasing electron density and decreased with increases in the other side flashcard. An unrestricted area ( secretary space ) frequency encoding steps and phase encoding steps and phase encoding is done the!