30ל ולכל חית הארץ ולכל עוף השמים ולכל רומש על הארץ אשר בו נפש חיה את כל ירק עשב לאכלה ויהי כן The codex was written in the 10th century C.E., and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. Aleppo Codex: Aleppo Codex Jeremiah 10:21-11a The Aleppo Codex Isaiah 9 The Aleppo Codex Isaiah 9:7 The whole Aleppo Codex online Search for missing pages of the Aleppo Codex The Aleppo Codex, 60 Years After the Riots Aleppo Codex: A High Holy Whodunit. [5][6] When the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099, the synagogue was plundered and the codex was held for a high ransom, which was paid with money coming from Egypt, leading to the codex being transferred there. The Aleppo Codex was entrusted to the Ben-Zvi Institute and Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Originally it was thought they were destroyed by fire, but scholarly analysis has shown no evidence of fire having reached the codex itself (the dark marks on the pages are due to fungus). It was written by the greatest of the Masoretes, Asher ben Asher. 25כה ויעש אלהים את חית הארץ למינה ואת הבהמה למינה ואת כל רמש האדמה למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב, 26כו ויאמר אלהים נעשה אדם בצלמנו כדמותנו וירדו בדגת הים ובעוף השמים ובבהמה ובכל הארץ ובכל הרמש הרמש על הארץ [3] Each page is parchment, 33 cm high by 26.5 cm wide (13 inches x 10.43 inches). Now the oldest complete manuscript is the Leningrad Codex, which underlies most modern Hebrew and English Bibles. (This should not be confused with another Damascus Keter, of medieval Spanish origin. Pentateuch is Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy 3.1 The Extant Parts of the Aleppo Codex In the light of evidence about the Aleppo Codex … Kedar, Benjamin Z. Several complete or partial editions of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo Codex have been published over the past three decades in Israel, some of them under the academic auspices of Israeli universities. 28כח ויברך אתם אלהים ויאמר להם אלהים פרו ורבו ומלאו את הארץ וכבשה ורדו בדגת הים ובעוף השמים ובכל חיה הרמשת על הארץ Chorev Mikraot Gedolot by Hotzaat Chorev (Torah only). The existence of this Bible was known to 20th-century scholars from the book ‘Ammudé Shesh by Shemuel Shelomo Boyarski, and then the actual Bible itself was discovered by Yosef Ofer in 1989. These editions incorporate reconstructions of the missing parts of the codex based on the methodology of Mordechai Breuer or similar systems, and by taking into account all available historical testimony about the contents of the codex. [2][16], The missing leaves are a subject of fierce controversy. Later, after the university denied him access to the codex, Mordechai Breuer began his own reconstruction of the Masoretic text on the basis of other well-known ancient manuscripts. Instructions: The Aleppo Codex is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible which was written in the city of Tiberias (currently northern Israel), in the 10th century. It literally is the first two words at the far right bottom corner (Remember, Hebrew reads right to left). [3] The pages are preserved unbound and written on both sides. [citation needed], Among the Jewish community of Aleppo and their descendants in the post-1947 diaspora, the belief always was that the Codex holds great magical power and that the smallest piece of it can ensure the good health and well-being of its owner. David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra testifies to this being the same codex that was later transferred to Aleppo. This forced him to use the Leningrad Codex instead for the third edition, which appeared in 1937. It is currently (2019) on display in the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum. Gênesis 8 1 א ויזכר אלהים את נח ואת כל החיה ואת כל הבהמה אשר אתו בתבה ויעבר אלהים רוח על הארץ וישכו המים 2 ב ויסכרו מעינת תהום וארבת השמים ויכלא הגשם מן השמים Mechon Mamre provides an online edition of the. under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate,[1] and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. It is rumoured that in 1375 one of Maimonides' descendants brought it to Aleppo, Syria, leading to its present name. 7ז ויעש אלהים את הרקיע ויבדל בין המים אשר מתחת לרקיע ובין המים אשר מעל לרקיע ויהי כן [22] "The codex which we used in these works is the codex known in Egypt, which includes 24 books, which was in Jerusalem," he wrote. 18יח ולמשל ביום ובלילה ולהבדיל בין האור ובין החשך וירא אלהים כי טוב [19], In January 1958, the Aleppo Codex was smuggled out of Syria and sent to Jerusalem to be placed in the care of the chief rabbi of the Aleppo Jews. The Aleppo Codex was one of their top priorities, but numerous attempts to retrieve it were thwarted, which for many Jews hailing from Aleppo was further proof of the myths surrounding the book. [8] It was cared for by the brothers Hizkiyahu and Joshya, Karaite religious leaders who eventually moved to Fustat (today part of Old Cairo) in 1050. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet has a numeric value. The work of Moshe Goshen-Gottstein on the few surviving pages of the Torah seems to have confirmed these claims beyond reasonable doubt. Most importantly, in the 1850s, Shalom Shachne Yellin sent his son in law, Moses Joshua Kimchi, to Aleppo, to copy information about the Codex; Kimchi sat for weeks, and copied thousands of details about the codex into the margins of a small handwritten Bible. It may not be sold and it may not be defiled forever.[10]. [2] Some scholars instead accuse members of the Jewish community of having torn off the missing leaves and keeping them privately hidden. 375–376 and footnote #81 on pg. The surviving text begins with the last word of Deuteronomy 28:17; Izhak Ben-Zvi, "The Codex of Ben Asher", In this edition, the masoretic text and symbols were encoded and graphic layout was enabled by the computer program, "After consultation... with the greatest Torah scholars and grammarians, the biblical text in this edition was chosen to conform with the Aleppo Codex which as is well known was corrected by, United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Fragment of ancient parchment given to Jewish scholars, "Fragment of Ancient Parchment From Bible Given to Jerusalem Scholars", "The Continuing Mysteries of the Aleppo Codex", Moshe H. Goshen-Gottstein, "A Recovered Part of the Aleppo Codex," Textus 5 (1966):53-59 (Plate I), "My Great-grandfather, the Man Who Held the Key to the Aleppo Codex", The History and Authority of the Aleppo Codex, Dina Kraft, From Maimonides to Brooklyn: The mystery of the Aleppo Codex, "Author Blog: Codex vs. Kindle By Matti Friedman", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleppo_Codex&oldid=998751807, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with disputed statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Articles with Hebrew-language sources (he), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 15טו והיו למאורת ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ויהי כן The Aleppo Codex was the authoritative text until large portions were destroyed in 1947 by Arab riots. Some time after arrival, it was found that parts of the codex had been lost. Over the years, a few of the missing pages have turned up and many efforts have been made to find the rest of the Aleppo Codex. The juxtaposition of Adonia with Elohim that Nehemia Gordon is talking about can be found at the bottom right of this Allepo codex image. 19יט ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום רביעי  {פ}, 20כ ויאמר אלהים--ישרצו המים שרץ נפש חיה ועוף יעופף על הארץ על פני רקיע השמים Throughout its long history, the Aleppo Codex has been carefully and jealously guarded. [2] The Aleppo Codex was written in about 930 in Tiberias and was originally a full manuscript of the entire Bible. [14] This secrecy made it impossible to confirm the authenticity of the Codex, and indeed Cassuto doubted that it was Maimonides' codex, though he agreed that it was 10th-century. Today only about 295 pages of the Aleppo Codex have survived, including nearly all of the Torah (the Pentateuch). 23כג ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום חמישי  {פ}, 24כד ויאמר אלהים תוצא הארץ נפש חיה למינה בהמה ורמש וחיתו ארץ למינה ויהי כן Sorry but your search resulted in no verses being found. The codex was kept for five centuries in the Central Synagogue of Aleppo, until the synagogue was torched during anti-Jewish riots in 1947. This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 21:47. 3ג ויאמר אלהים יהי אור ויהי אור [2] These are complete editions of the Tanakh, usually in one volume (but sometimes also sold in three volumes). Several complete or partial editions of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo Codex have been published over the past three decades in Israel, some of them under the academic auspices of Israeli universities. [18], Documentary filmmaker Avi Dabach, great-grandson of Chacham Ezra Dabach (one of the last caretakers of the Codex when it was still in Syria), announced in December 2015 an upcoming film tracing the history of the Codex and possibly determining the fate of the missing pages. In 1958, the remaining Aleppo Codex was smuggled out of Syria and taken to Jerusalem for safe keeping. ), The Aleppo Codex was the manuscript used by Maimonides when he set down the exact rules for writing scrolls of the Torah, Hilkhot Sefer Torah ("the Laws of the Torah Scroll") in his Mishneh Torah. Please modify your queries and try again. The tradition of ben Asher has become the one accepted for the Hebrew Bible. 31לא וירא אלהים את כל אשר עשה והנה טוב מאד ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום הששי  {פ}, For comparative study, where possible, chapter and verse numbers on Biblos.com sites are mapped to the traditional convention used by the KJV, NASB, NIV and others.Bible Hub, The Aleppo Codex without Vowel Points or Punctuation Based on the electronic edition at, א בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ, ב והארץ היתה תהו ובהו וחשך על פני תהום ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים, ג ויאמר אלהים יהי אור ויהי אור, ד וירא אלהים את האור כי טוב ויבדל אלהים בין האור ובין החשך, ה ויקרא אלהים לאור יום ולחשך קרא לילה ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום אחד  {פ}, ו ויאמר אלהים יהי רקיע בתוך המים ויהי מבדיל בין מים למים, ז ויעש אלהים את הרקיע ויבדל בין המים אשר מתחת לרקיע ובין המים אשר מעל לרקיע ויהי כן, ח ויקרא אלהים לרקיע שמים ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום שני  {פ}, ט ויאמר אלהים יקוו המים מתחת השמים אל מקום אחד ותראה היבשה ויהי כן, י ויקרא אלהים ליבשה ארץ ולמקוה המים קרא ימים וירא אלהים כי טוב, יא ויאמר אלהים תדשא הארץ דשא עשב מזריע זרע ×¢×¥ פרי עשה פרי למינו אשר זרעו בו על הארץ ויהי כן, יב ותוצא הארץ דשא עשב מזריע זרע למינהו ועץ עשה פרי אשר זרעו בו למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב, יג ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום שלישי  {פ}, יד ויאמר אלהים יהי מארת ברקיע השמים להבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה והיו לאתת ולמועדים ולימים ושנים, טו והיו למאורת ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ויהי כן, טז ויעש אלהים את שני המארת הגדלים  את המאור הגדל לממשלת היום ואת המאור הקטן לממשלת הלילה ואת הכוכבים, יז ויתן אתם אלהים ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ, יח ולמשל ביום ובלילה ולהבדיל בין האור ובין החשך וירא אלהים כי טוב, יט ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום רביעי  {פ}, כ ויאמר אלהים--ישרצו המים שרץ נפש חיה ועוף יעופף על הארץ על פני רקיע השמים, כא ויברא אלהים את התנינם הגדלים ואת כל נפש החיה הרמשת אשר שרצו המים למינהם ואת כל עוף כנף למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב, כב ויברך אתם אלהים לאמר  פרו ורבו ומלאו את המים בימים והעוף ירב בארץ, כג ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום חמישי  {פ}, כד ויאמר אלהים תוצא הארץ נפש חיה למינה בהמה ורמש וחיתו ארץ למינה ויהי כן, כה ויעש אלהים את חית הארץ למינה ואת הבהמה למינה ואת כל רמש האדמה למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב, כו ויאמר אלהים נעשה אדם בצלמנו כדמותנו וירדו בדגת הים ובעוף השמים ובבהמה ובכל הארץ ובכל הרמש הרמש על הארץ, כז ויברא אלהים את האדם בצלמו בצלם אלהים ברא אתו  זכר ונקבה ברא אתם, כח ויברך אתם אלהים ויאמר להם אלהים פרו ורבו ומלאו את הארץ וכבשה ורדו בדגת הים ובעוף השמים ובכל חיה הרמשת על הארץ, כט ויאמר אלהים הנה נתתי לכם את כל עשב זרע זרע אשר על פני כל הארץ ואת כל העץ אשר בו פרי ×¢×¥ זרע זרע  לכם יהיה לאכלה, ל ולכל חית הארץ ולכל עוף השמים ולכל רומש על הארץ אשר בו נפש חיה את כל ירק עשב לאכלה ויהי כן, לא וירא אלהים את כל אשר עשה והנה טוב מאד ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום הששי  {פ}. 27כז ויברא אלהים את האדם בצלמו בצלם אלהים ברא אתו  זכר ונקבה ברא אתם Leningrad Codex Genesis 1:10-26 Genesis 37:31b-36 Leningrad Codex Table of Contents and Link to the Whole Codex Online Thus today, Breuer's version is used authoritatively for the reconstruction of the missing portions of the Aleppo Codex. 10י ויקרא אלהים ליבשה ארץ ולמקוה המים קרא ימים וירא אלהים כי טוב The Aleppo community guarded the Codex zealously for some 600 years: it was kept, together with three other Biblical manuscripts, in a special cupboard (later, an iron safe) in a basement chapel of the Central Synagogue of Aleppo, supposed to have been the Cave of Elijah. The Torah and the Nevi'im appear in the same order found in most printed Hebrew Bibles, but the order for the books for Ketuvim differs markedly. His results matched the Aleppo Codex almost exactly. [17][3] In particular, the 2012 book The Aleppo Codex by Matti Friedman calls attention to the fact that eyewitnesses in Aleppo who saw the Codex shortly after the fire consistently reported that it was complete or nearly complete, and then there is no account of it for more than a decade, until after it arrived in Israel and was put, in 1958, in the Ben-Zvi Institute, at which point it was as currently described; his book suggests a number of possibilities for the loss of the pages including theft in Israel. Another manuscript of the Hebrew Bible from the same time period as the Aleppo Codex is the Leningrad Codex, kept in the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, Russia. General Search for 'Genesis 22:14' within '' on StudyLight.org. The Aleppo Codex is a book, one of the most important on earth. The Aleppo Codex (Hebrew: כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא ‎ Keter Aram Tzova or Crown of Aleppo) is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible. in, Goitein: pp. [11] The Letter of the Karaite elders of Ascalon, the more descriptive of the two, states that the money borrowed from Alexandria was used to “buy back two hundred and thirty Bible codices, a hundred other volumes, and eight Torah Scrolls. The Aleppo Codex (Hebrew: כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא‎, romanized: Keter Aram Tzova, lit. The community received queries from Jews around the world, who asked that various textual details be checked, correspondence which is preserved in the responsa literature, and which allows for the reconstruction of certain details in the parts that are missing today. The codex, however, stayed in Jerusalem until the latter part of that century. The Karaite Jewish community of Jerusalem received the book from Israel ben Simha of Basra sometime between 1040 and 1050. I wrote a book about this book. The Aleppo Codex (a readable online version of some books); The Leningrad Codex - downloadable facsimile; The Leningrad Codex - Westminster Theological Seminary version; The famous Ben Hayim edition (1525); The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaiah a) - Ardon Bar Hama's digital photographs (Israel Museum); The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls (The Israel Museum in partnership with Google) The Aleppo Codex without Vowel Points or Punctuation Based on the electronic edition at mechon-mamre.org.. For comparative study, where possible, chapter and verse numbers on Biblos.com sites are mapped to the traditional convention used by the KJV, NASB, NIV and others. [4] Later that year it was given to the Ben-Zvi Institute. The Aleppo Codex online project, however, has placed the Aleppo Codex among the ranks of other ancient Biblical manuscripts that have been made available to all via the web. During the 1947 Anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo, the community’s ancient synagogue was burned. At the end of the 14th century the Aleppo Codex was taken to Aleppo, Syria, causing it to become known as the Aleppo Codex. [23] In particular, only the last few pages of the Torah are extant. It is believed by many to be the most authoritative copy of the Hebrew Bible in the masorah tradition. [It was] transferred [...] according to the law of redemption from imprisonment [in which it had fallen] in Jerusalem, the Holy City, may it be rebuilt and reestablished, to the congregation in Egypt of Knisat Yerushalayim, may it be built and established in the life of Israel. 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