In 1990, James Reason, PhD, introduced the “Swiss Cheese Model” that has been adopted to improve safety across many industries. Swiss cheese model by James Reason published in 2000 (1). For an incident to occur, the holes in the slices of cheese must align. Thus, the implementation of the Swiss Cheese model in patient safety is used for defences, barriers, and safeguarding the potential victims and resources from hazards (Reason 2000). The "Swiss Cheese Model" occurs when a series of unlikely errors culminates in a catastrophe. One way to prevent active errors is to know the top OSHA violations in 2017 to ensure your safety procedures match OSHA’s standards so … Most of the time, these risks are never realized because safeguards are in place to prevent them. Note that independence of the barriers is assumed and some randomness in whether the “holes” line up. How to Apply the Swiss Cheese Model. Swiss cheese model is also incorporated into the fire fighting engineering systems to decrease the number of human errors by introducing additional layers of safety into the system. The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth.It likens human systems to multiple slices of swiss cheese… “Now, more than ever, we need to maintain vigilance and find new ways to share the safety … Investigations have revealed that most industrial incidents include multiple independent failures. This technique is known as Crew Resource Management. A risk is a term that is commonly used to refer to a chance or likelihood of an undesirable event occurring. “[The] Swiss cheese model is simply another version of Heinrich’s Domino Model with different terminology (slices of cheese rather than dominos) and the idea of barriers or defenses from the process industry. From plane crashes and engineering errors to patient safety events, this model can happen in any industry. The Swiss Cheese Model is heavily used in safety critical domain and in particular in ATM. Imagine each layer of protection as a slice of Swiss cheese (3), with the holes representing vulnerabilities to failure (Figure 2). The Swiss Cheese Model has taught people in the military, airlines, healthcare and other industries that safety is not just about one thing. In October, Bill Hanage, an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Safety is achieved by aligning many tactics for enhanced protection,” says Dr. Merlino. 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