It was written by the greatest of the Masoretes, Asher ben Asher. The Hebrew name is .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Frank Ruehl CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא‎ Keter Aram Tzova, translated as "Crown of Aleppo": keter means "crown", and Aram-Zobah was a not-yet-identified biblical city in modern Syria, whose name was applied from the 11th century onward by some Rabbinical sources and Syrian Jews, to the area of Aleppo in Syria. [21], The Leningrad Codex, which dates to approximately the same time as the Aleppo codex, has been claimed by Paul E. Kahle to be a product of the ben Asher scriptorium. Gênesis 8 1 א ויזכר אלהים את נח ואת כל החיה ואת כל הבהמה אשר אתו בתבה ויעבר אלהים רוח על הארץ וישכו המים 2 ב ויסכרו מעינת תהום וארבת השמים ויכלא הגשם מן השמים In the Aleppo Codex, the order of the Ketuvim is Books of Chronicles, Psalms, Book of Job, Book of Proverbs, Book of Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Book of Lamentations, Book of Esther, Book of Daniel, and Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah. However, its colophon says only that it was corrected from manuscripts written by ben Asher; there is no evidence that ben Asher himself ever saw it. [2][16], The missing leaves are a subject of fierce controversy. Aleppo Codex Images. It is believed by many to be the most authoritative copy of the Hebrew Bible in the masorah tradition. The codex was written in the 10th century C.E., and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. Today only about 295 pages of the Aleppo Codex have survived, including nearly all of the Torah (the Pentateuch). Maimonides knew and referred to the Aleppo Codex. [8] It was cared for by the brothers Hizkiyahu and Joshya, Karaite religious leaders who eventually moved to Fustat (today part of Old Cairo) in 1050. 29כט ויאמר אלהים הנה נתתי לכם את כל עשב זרע זרע אשר על פני כל הארץ ואת כל העץ אשר בו פרי ×¢×¥ זרע זרע  לכם יהיה לאכלה [3] The original supposition that the missing pages were destroyed in the synagogue fire has increasingly been challenged, fueling speculation that they survive in private hands. At the end of the 14th century the Aleppo Codex was taken to Aleppo, Syria, causing it to become known as the Aleppo Codex. The Torah and the Nevi'im appear in the same order found in most printed Hebrew Bibles, but the order for the books for Ketuvim differs markedly. For the six hundred years prior to 1947, it resided in a synagogue in the Syrian town of Aleppo. It is available online here [1]. His results matched the Aleppo Codex almost exactly. [2] The Karaite Jewish community of Jerusalem purchased the codex about a hundred years after it was made. (This should not be confused with another Damascus Keter, of medieval Spanish origin. 10י ויקרא אלהים ליבשה ארץ ולמקוה המים קרא ימים וירא אלהים כי טוב [8] After the Siege of Jerusalem (1099) during the First Crusade, the Crusaders held the codex and other holy works for ransom, along with Jewish survivors. [4][3], The portion of the codex that is accounted for is housed in the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum.[4]. Aleppo Codex: Aleppo Codex Jeremiah 10:21-11a The Aleppo Codex Isaiah 9 The Aleppo Codex Isaiah 9:7 The whole Aleppo Codex online Search for missing pages of the Aleppo Codex The Aleppo Codex, 60 Years After the Riots Aleppo Codex: A High Holy Whodunit. [4] Still during 1958, the Jewish community of Aleppo sued the Ben-Zvi Institute for the return of the Codex, but the court ruled against them and suppressed publication of the proceedings.[4]. 21כא ויברא אלהים את התנינם הגדלים ואת כל נפש החיה הרמשת אשר שרצו המים למינהם ואת כל עוף כנף למינהו וירא אלהים כי טוב [23] In particular, only the last few pages of the Torah are extant. 28כח ויברך אתם אלהים ויאמר להם אלהים פרו ורבו ומלאו את הארץ וכבשה ורדו בדגת הים ובעוף השמים ובכל חיה הרמשת על הארץ The Aleppo Codex was the oldest extant Hebrew Masoretic manuscript of the Old Testament until many pages were lost during a riot in 1947. [24] The ink was made of tree types of gall, ground and mixed with black soot and iron sulfate. It is currently (2019) on display in the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum. Originally it was thought they were destroyed by fire, but scholarly analysis has shown no evidence of fire having reached the codex itself (the dark marks on the pages are due to fungus). The Damascus Pentateuch (Hebrew: כֶּתֶר דַּמֶּשֶׂק ‎ Keter Dameseq or Crown of Damascus) is a 10th-century Hebrew Bible codex, consisting of the almost complete Pentateuch, the Five Books of Moses.The codex was copied by an unknown scribe, replete with Masoretic annotations. "Jerusalem Crown"), printed in Jerusalem in 2000, is a modern version of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo Codex and the work of Breuer: It uses a newly designed typeface based on the calligraphy of the Codex and is based on its page layout. [3] This finally gave scholars the chance to examine it and consider the claims that it is indeed the manuscript referred to by Maimonides. 15טו והיו למאורת ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ויהי כן 8ח ויקרא אלהים לרקיע שמים ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום שני  {פ}, 9ט ויאמר אלהים יקוו המים מתחת השמים אל מקום אחד ותראה היבשה ויהי כן For an essentially complete Hebrew copy of Genesis you need to go to the 10th century Aleppo Codex, except that the Genesis portion of this manuscript was destroyed in anti-semitic riots in 1947. The Aleppo Codex without Vowel Points or Punctuation Based on the electronic edition at mechon-mamre.org.. For comparative study, where possible, chapter and verse numbers on Biblos.com sites are mapped to the traditional convention used by the KJV, NASB, NIV and others. Other articles where Aleppo Codex is discussed: biblical literature: Masoretic texts: …production of the model so-called Aleppo Codex, now in Jerusalem. Instructions: The Aleppo Codex is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible which was written in the city of Tiberias (currently northern Israel), in the 10th century. 'Crown of Aleppo') is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible. ), The Aleppo Codex was the manuscript used by Maimonides when he set down the exact rules for writing scrolls of the Torah, Hilkhot Sefer Torah ("the Laws of the Torah Scroll") in his Mishneh Torah. The Aleppo Codex is a book, one of the most important on earth. The Jerusalem Crown (כתר ירושלים, Keter Yerushalayim, lit. Some time after arrival, it was found that parts of the codex had been lost. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet has a numeric value. 17יז ויתן אתם אלהים ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ 19יט ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום רביעי  {פ}, 20כ ויאמר אלהים--ישרצו המים שרץ נפש חיה ועוף יעופף על הארץ על פני רקיע השמים Leningrad Codex Genesis 1:10-26 Genesis 37:31b-36 Leningrad Codex Table of Contents and Link to the Whole Codex Online [citation needed], Among the Jewish community of Aleppo and their descendants in the post-1947 diaspora, the belief always was that the Codex holds great magical power and that the smallest piece of it can ensure the good health and well-being of its owner. General Search for 'Genesis 22:14' within '' on StudyLight.org. In 1958 the Aleppo Codex was smuggled into Israel. Two major Hebrew manuscripts represent the Masoretic Text tradition: the Aleppo Codex (c. AD 930) and the Leningrad Codex (AD 1008). In modern times, the Leningrad Codex is most important as the Hebrew text reproduced in Biblia Hebraica (1937) and Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (1977). [3] On the other hand, community elders have written at the top of some pages "Sacred to Yahweh, not to be sold or defiled" and "Cursed be he who steals it, and cursed be he who sells it". 13יג ויהי ערב ויהי בקר יום שלישי  {פ}, 14יד ויאמר אלהים יהי מארת ברקיע השמים להבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה והיו לאתת ולמועדים ולימים ושנים [17][3] In particular, the 2012 book The Aleppo Codex by Matti Friedman calls attention to the fact that eyewitnesses in Aleppo who saw the Codex shortly after the fire consistently reported that it was complete or nearly complete, and then there is no account of it for more than a decade, until after it arrived in Israel and was put, in 1958, in the Ben-Zvi Institute, at which point it was as currently described; his book suggests a number of possibilities for the loss of the pages including theft in Israel. These things seemed clear to me, yet when my deadline passed and I finally looked up to find myself staring into the dead electronic eye of the Kindle Fire, I saw that the meaning of "book" had been altered and that I had just spent these years of revolution engrossed in a mirror image of the present. Blessed be he who preserves it and cursed be he who steals it, and cursed be he who sells it, and cursed be he who pawns it. It was regarded as the community's most sacred possession: Those in trouble would pray before it, and oaths were taken by it. 7ז ויעש אלהים את הרקיע ויבדל בין המים אשר מתחת לרקיע ובין המים אשר מעל לרקיע ויהי כן In the Hebrew Aleppo codex this passage reads " And Cain said to his brother Abel, and it came to pass that they were in the field and Cain rose up toward his brother Abel and killed him. 612, Photo taken in 1910 by Joseph Segall and published in Travels through Northern Syria (London, 1910), p. 99. Most importantly, in the 1850s, Shalom Shachne Yellin sent his son in law, Moses Joshua Kimchi, to Aleppo, to copy information about the Codex; Kimchi sat for weeks, and copied thousands of details about the codex into the margins of a small handwritten Bible. [20] The ben Asher vocalization is late and in many respects artificial, compared to other traditions and tendencies reaching back closer to the period of spoken Biblical Hebrew. [1] The Codex disappeared, then reemerged in 1958, when it was smuggled into Israel by Syrian Jew Murad Faham, and presented to the president of the state, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi. [3] The purple markings on the edges of the pages were found to be mold rather than fire damage.[3]. When the Aleppo Codex was complete (until 1947), it followed the Tiberian textual tradition in the order of its books, similar to the Leningrad Codex, and which also matches the later tradition of Sephardi biblical manuscripts. [5][6] When the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099, the synagogue was plundered and the codex was held for a high ransom, which was paid with money coming from Egypt, leading to the codex being transferred there. [It was] transferred [...] according to the law of redemption from imprisonment [in which it had fallen] in Jerusalem, the Holy City, may it be rebuilt and reestablished, to the congregation in Egypt of Knisat Yerushalayim, may it be built and established in the life of Israel. The Aleppo Codex is considered the oldest Hebrew Bible in existence. The work of Moshe Goshen-Gottstein on the few surviving pages of the Torah seems to have confirmed these claims beyond reasonable doubt. The Aleppo Codex is the earliest and most important Masoretic manuscript. Later, after the university denied him access to the codex, Mordechai Breuer began his own reconstruction of the Masoretic text on the basis of other well-known ancient manuscripts. [3], The consonants in the codex were copied by the scribe Shlomo ben Buya'a in Palestine circa 920. It also serves scholars as a primary source for the recovery of details in the missing parts of the Aleppo Codex. מסורת ) broadly refers to the whole chain of Jewish tradition (see Oral Torah ), which is claimed (by Orthodox Judaism) to … 375–376 and footnote #81 on pg. Scholars painstakingly copied in an exact and precise replication, each and every letter, each and every vowel, and each and every word of the Tanach, the Hebrew Bible. 16טז ויעש אלהים את שני המארת הגדלים  את המאור הגדל לממשלת היום ואת המאור הקטן לממשלת הלילה ואת הכוכבים Goshen-Gottstein suggested (in the introduction to his facsimile reprint of the codex) that not only was it the oldest known masoretic Bible in a single volume, it was the first time ever that a complete Tanakh had been produced by one or two people as a unified entity in a consistent style. The community received queries from Jews around the world, who asked that various textual details be checked, correspondence which is preserved in the responsa literature, and which allows for the reconstruction of certain details in the parts that are missing today. Now the oldest complete manuscript is the Leningrad Codex, which underlies most modern Hebrew and English Bibles. Reprinted and analyzed in. Sorry but your search resulted in no verses being found. The Aleppo Codex (Hebrew: כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא ‎ Keter Aram Tzova) is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible.The codex was written in the 10th century A.D. [1] The codex has long been considered to be the most authoritative document in the masorah ("transmission"), the tradition by which the Hebrew Scriptures have been preserved from generation to generation. Several complete or partial editions of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo Codex have been published over the past three decades in Israel, some of them under the academic auspices of Israeli universities. א ויהי כל הארץ שפה אחת ודברים אחדים ב ויהי בנסעם מקדם וימצאו בקעה בארץ שנער וישבו שם ג ויאמרו איש אל רעהו הבה נלבנה לבנים ונשרפה … Gênesis 11 ALEP [2] Some scholars instead accuse members of the Jewish community of having torn off the missing leaves and keeping them privately hidden. The Aleppo community guarded the Codex zealously for some 600 years: it was kept, together with three other Biblical manuscripts, in a special cupboard (later, an iron safe) in a basement chapel of the Central Synagogue of Aleppo, supposed to have been the Cave of Elijah. Paul E. Kahle, when revising the text of the Biblia Hebraica in the 1920s, tried and failed to obtain a photographic copy. [2] The fate of the codex during the subsequent decade is unclear: when it resurfaced in Israel in 1958, roughly 40% of the manuscript—including the majority of the Torah section—was missing, and only two additional leaves have been recovered since then. 3ג ויאמר אלהים יהי אור ויהי אור This manuscript was preserved for a thousand years and at some point was relocated to the city of Aleppo … [4] It was given first to Shlomo Zalman Shragai of the Jewish Agency, who later testified that the Codex was complete or nearly so at the time. During the anti-Jewish riots of December 1947 in Syria, the synagogue where it was kept was broken into and burned. Later, while the Codex was in Israel, it was found that no more than 294 of the original (estimated) 487 pages survived. However, the same holds true for the Aleppo Codex, which was apparently not vocalized by ben Asher himself, although a later colophon, which was added to the manuscript after his death, attributes the vocalization to him. The codex was kept for five centuries in the Central Synagogue of Aleppo, until the synagogue was torched during anti-Jewish riots in 1947. The codex was written in the city of Tiberias in the 10th century C.E. "[9] The Aleppo codex website reveals how the book changed hands. These editions incorporate reconstructions of the missing parts of the codex based on the methodology of Mordechai Breuer or similar systems, and by taking into account all available historical testimony about the contents of the codex. This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 21:47. 27כז ויברא אלהים את האדם בצלמו בצלם אלהים ברא אתו  זכר ונקבה ברא אתם David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra testifies to this being the same codex that was later transferred to Aleppo. Set it online here.. Ezekiel 2:8 to 3:21 Ezekiel 5:26 to 7:8 Ezekiel 28:13 to 29-10. 18יח ולמשל ביום ובלילה ולהבדיל בין האור ובין החשך וירא אלהים כי טוב [11] The Letter of the Karaite elders of Ascalon, the more descriptive of the two, states that the money borrowed from Alexandria was used to “buy back two hundred and thirty Bible codices, a hundred other volumes, and eight Torah Scrolls. under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate,[1] and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. However, the community limited direct observation of the manuscript by outsiders, especially by scholars in modern times. The Dead Sea Scrolls predate the Aleppo Codex, but those scrolls were not consolidated into a single book. I wrote a book about this book. The Aleppo Codex itself disappeared. [19], In January 1958, the Aleppo Codex was smuggled out of Syria and sent to Jerusalem to be placed in the care of the chief rabbi of the Aleppo Jews. [ 9 ] the Aleppo Codex ( once the oldest-known complete copy but since 1947 the! 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